利用观赏植物物候预测草坪杂草发生

Using Ornamental Plant Phenology to Predict Weed Emergence in Turf.

杂草影响草坪美观,还会使草坪丧失功能,防治杂草的关键是要掌握杂草的发生时间,但由于草坪杂草植株矮小,生育期短导致其不易辨认及观察。本研究以探究常见观赏植物物候与杂草爆发之间的对应关系为前提,自2012年11月至2014年4月间,采用样线样方结合的方法调查了广州地区草坪杂草发生情况,以及常见观赏植物的物候特点。结果显示:样地中,杂草群落具有类似的分布模式,以多年生杂草为主,一年生杂草次之,二年生杂草最少;与草坪草具有相似生活型或具有类似的生物学特性的杂草,容易在环境选择过程中被保留下来,成为主要杂草;夏季是杂草爆发的高峰时期。木棉(Bombax malabaricum)初花期可以预测白花蛇舌草的(Hedyotis diffusa)爆发;猫尾木(Dolichandrone cauda-felina)初花期可以预测红花酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa)、黄花酢浆草(Oxalis pes-caprae)、黄鹌菜(Youngia japonica)爆发;杜英(Elaeocarpus decipiens)盛花期、葱兰(Pouzolzia zeylanica)盛花期可以预测雾水葛(Pouzolzia zeylanica)的2个爆发期等。

Weeds will interfere with the beauty and the function of the lawn.The key issue of weed prevention is to know the emergence time of weeds.However,it is not easy to observe weeds because of their small type and short growth period.In order to find a visual way to know the time of weed emergence,we tried to explore the correlation between common ornamental plant phenology and the weed emergence.Line transect and quadrat sampling methods were used to investigate weeds in the lawns of Guangzhou from November 2012 to April 2014.The ornamental plant phenology periods were also recorded.The results showed：All the three sample plots in this study had the similar distribution of weeds.Perennial weeds were the major species in each field.Annual weeds were less than perennial weeds,and biennial weeds occupied the least area.The weeds which have similar life forms or biological characteristics to turf grass can be preserved in the selection process,and they can become the dominant species.Summer is the peak time for the weeds outbreak.The Squaring stage of Bombax malabaricumcan predict the outbreak of Hedyotis diffusa.Beginning-flower stage of Dolichandrone cauda-felina and full-bloom stage of Elaeocarpus decipiens can predict the two outbreak peaks of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides.Full-bloom stage of Elaeocarpus decipiens and Pouzolzia zeylanica can predict the two outbreak peaks of Pouzolzia zeylanica.