早产儿体格发育迟缓及相关因素分析

Related factors of physical growth retardation and related factors in preterm infants

目的对早产儿体格发育迟缓进行评价,并对其可能影响因素进行分析。方法对2012年3月-2014年7月来西安市第四医院儿童保健中心就诊的符合入选条件的183例早产儿随访至12个月,对随访结果进行分析。结果1)以体重、身长、头围进行评价其出生时宫内生长发育迟缓(IUGR)发生率分别为21.3%、15.3%、18.03%;纠正40周宫外生长发育迟缓(EUGR)发生率分别为21.9%、11.48%、16.39%;3个月为9.8%、4.92%、3.28%;6个月为8.7%、4.37%、4.92%;9个月为8.7%,2.7%,4.9%;12个月为8.2%,3.8%,3.8%。各阶段生长发育迟缓发生率之间差异有统计学意义。2)以6个月体重、身长、头围进行分析,IUGR、出生体重、住院天数是EUGR的高危因素,胎龄不是EUGR的高危因素。结论对早产儿EUGR干预的最有效的时间应该是矫正胎龄3个月之前。加强孕期保健,减少IUGR及极低出生儿的发生,缩短住院天数是预防EUGR的关键。

Objective To evaluate the physical growth retardation of premature infants and analyze the possible influencing factors. Methods The results were analyzed on 183 cases of premature infants meeting the selecting conditions,who visited doctors from March 2012 to July 2014 in Xi＇an NO.4Hospital and were followed-up to 1year old as well. Results 1）By analyzing the weight,length and head circumference,the ratios of growth retardation at birth were respectively21.3%,15.3%,18.03%,the ratios of the extra uterine growth retardation（EUGR）were 21.9%,11.48%,16.39% for corrected 40weeks;9.8%,4.92%,3.28%for 3months;8.7%,4.37%,4.92%for 6months;8.7%,2.73%,4.92%for 9months;8.2%,3.83%,3.83%for 12 months.The differences of the ratio of the growth retardation were statistically significant compared with different stages.2）By analyzing the weight,length and head circumference of 6months,the intrauterine growth retardation（IUGR）,birth weight,feeding way and the length of days were risky factors of growth retardation.However,gestational age was not the risky factor. Conclusions The most effective interventive time period should be corrected gestational age within the first 3months.To strengthen the prenatal care and reduce the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation and extremely low birth weight,shorten the hospitalizate days is the key to prevent the extrauterine growth retardation.