甘肃省农村地区6～24月龄婴幼儿营养状况及其影响因素分析

Nutrition status and its influence factors in children at age of 6～24 months in Gansu rural areas

目的了解甘肃省农村地区不同民族婴幼儿的营养状况,分析影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,在甘肃省抽取12个项目县,于2014年12月-2015年1月进行现场调查,收集样本量为3 663名。调查内容包括婴幼儿看护人问卷调查和婴幼儿的体格测量。结果甘肃省6～24月龄婴幼儿营养不良发生率为21.3%,其中超重、消瘦、低体重和发育迟缓率分别为7.0%、4.0%、3.2%和7.1%。单因素分析结果显示,影响6～24月龄婴幼儿营养不良的因素有：民族、性别、贫血状况、是否早产、出生身长和体重、看护人学历和职业、6个月内喂养方式、辅食添加时间、辅食添加种类以及营养素补充等。多因素Logistic回归分析显示性别、月龄、是否早产、看护人职业、科学喂养知识水平、辅食添加时间和种类的对营养水平的影响有统计学意义。结论甘肃省6～24月龄婴幼儿营养状况总体有所改善,发育迟缓仍然是主要营养问题,超重率上升是需要特别关注的重要问题。建议采取综合措施改善儿童营养水平。

Objective To examine nutrition status and its influence factors in children at age of 6～24months among different ethnic populations in rural areas of Gansu province. Methods A total of 12 counties were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method in Gansu province,and physical measurement surveys of 3 663 children at age of 6～24months and questionnaires of children caregivers were collected during December 2014 to January 2015. Results The prevalence of malnutrition was 21.3% of children aged 6～24months in Gansu province,and the prevalence of overweight,wasting,underweight and stunning were 7.0%,4.0%,3.2%and 7.0%respectively.Single factor analysis showed the influence factors of malnutrition including gender,anemia status,preterm birth,birth length and birth weight,caregivers＇ education and occupation,feeding style within six months,time and type of adding assist food.Multifactor analysis showed that gender,age,preterm birth,scores of caregivers＇ nutrition and health knowledge,caregivers＇ occupation,adding time and type of assist food were significant influence factors. Conclusions The overall nutrition status of infants aged 6～24months in Gansu province shows an improving trend.But stunning remains a major malnutrition concern,special attention would be paid to intervention of a high prevalence of overweight.Integrated measurements should be carried out to improve growth and development of children.