嘉靖抗倭与南直隶地方军防制度的变革——以明代镇江府的军防及其历史影响为中心的探讨

On the Anti-Japanese War during the Reign of Emperor Jiajing and the Reform of South Zhili Local Army Defense System—A Study of the Military Defense and Its Historical Influence of the Government of Zhenjiang in the Ming Dynasty

镇江府北面临江,南面为太湖平原、江南腹地,地处明代留都南京以东,苏、松、常西北,自古以来即为兵家必争之地,此处的守御一直受到特别的重视。嘉靖年间,在抗倭形势的冲击下,该地区突显出原有官军防御消极化、官兵冗员化的问题。同时,在整体江海备防策略、经济政治局势的间接影响下,明廷结合当地的地理、社会环境,对当地的防御进行了一系列的变革,最终使得其守御体系逐步完善,这一变革体现了明代军事防御战略中全面性防御、多层次防御、据险防御的思想;战术中奇、正兵结合,临时、常设官兵相依,多兵种共存的备御策略。

Zhenjiang faces the Yangtze River in the north,and joins the Taihu Lake Plain,the southern hinterland,in the south.As it is located in the east of Nanjing,the co-capital of the Ming Dynasty,and in the northwest of Su,Song and Chang prefectures,it is naturally a vantage point whose defense has always drawn special attention.During the reign of Emperor Jiajing,the passive defense and the redundancy of officers and soldiers in the region were highlighted in face of Japanese invasion.In this case,a series of reform were carried in the defense system of the region in line with the local geography and social situation as well as the overall coastal defense strategy and economic and political situations.Such reforms reflect the military defensive strategy of comprehensive defense,multi-layer defense,and vantage point defense as well as the tactics of direct attacking combined with raids,and coexistence of various types of forces,with both standing and temporary armies.