大国身份的焦虑与角色定位——2000年以来大陆先秦诸子“天下”理念研究述评

Identity Anxiety and Role Orientation——Review the Research on Pre- Qin Scholars' Ideas of“ Under Heaven ”in China's Mainland Since 2000

二十一世纪以来,中国的经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的成就,世界地位大幅上升,距离中华民族的伟大复兴只有一小步。在此前提下,崛起后的中国如何进行自身的大国定位就成为一个重大的、令全世界都极为关注的焦点话题。2000年以来,大陆的出版物及其研究人员,以先秦诸子"天下"理念为视角,就中国应该采取什么样的态度处理中国与世界的关系进行了大量研究。这些研究中有两个主潮:一个是以赵汀阳为代表的在哲学层面对未来世界政治制度进行构建。赵汀阳发展了先秦时期的"天下"概念,认为未来世界若需要一个世界制度,"天下"理论是一个极为适宜的基础;另一个是以阎学通为代表的国际关系学研究。阎学通通过对先秦国家间政治思想的研究,提出了一系列中国要成为一个世界性大国当下应该采取的行动指导思想。这两个主潮成为中国思想界关于中国世界地位问题的主流表达,对未来中国的影响还会日益彰显。

With its entrance into the 21 st century,China has made remarkable achievements in economic and social development. China＇s status in the world has risen sharply,with just one- step distance away from the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Based on the premise,how to conduct its own great- power orientation for rising China has become a great concern of the world. Ever since the year of 2000,a lot of studies have been made in publications of China's Mainland on what kind of attitude China should take in dealing with the relationship between China and the world from the perspective of Pre- Qin scholars＇ ideas of＂under heaven＂. There are two main trends in these studies： one is constructing the political system of the future world in philosophy aspect represented by Zhao Tingyang,who,on the base of developing the concept of＂ under heaven ＂in the Pre- Qin,holds that the future world will need a worldwide system and therefore＂ under heaven ＂Theory is just a very appropriate foundation; the other is the studies on the International Relations represented by Yan Xuetong. Through the study of political thought of Pre- Qin states,Mr. Yan proposes a series of guiding ideology for what actions should be taken by current China to become a world power. These two trends are the mainstream expression of the world discourse problem in China ideological circle and will be exerting an increasing impact on the future of China.