胰岛素样生长因子1诱导骨髓间充质干细胞转化为少突胶质细胞移植修复急性脊髓损伤

Oligodendrocyte transplantation for acute spinal cord injury: insulin-like growth factor 1 induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into oligodendrocytes

背景:脊髓损伤后的治疗和康复是一直困扰医学界的一个难题,其中神经反射通路的重建和再髓鞘化是关键,在其过程中少突胶质细胞发挥着重要作用。目的:观察少突胶质细胞移植对急性大鼠脊髓损伤的修复作用。方法:将胰岛素样生长因子1诱导骨髓间充质干细胞转化为少突胶质细胞移植至大鼠损伤脊髓,并设少突胶质细胞移植组和单纯注射生理盐水的对照组作对比。通过斜板实验和BBB评分观察各组行为学变化,脊髓诱发电位检测和免疫组织化学染色观察各组神经功能恢复情况和移植细胞存活情况。结果与结论:(1)行为学、脊髓诱发电位和脊髓组织形态变化:移植后4,8周,与对照组相比,诱导分化细胞移植组和少突胶质细胞移植组BBB评分及斜板实验倾斜平面临界角度明显增加(P<0.05),脊髓运动和感觉诱发电位潜伏期逐渐下降(P<0.05),脊髓损伤区均可见移植并存活的少突胶质细胞,而两组间相比较上述指标均差异无显著性意义;(2)结果说明:胰岛素样生长因子1诱导骨髓间充质干细胞转化为少突胶质细胞移植至损伤脊髓修复效果较好,能达到少突胶质细胞的移植修复效果。

BACKGROUND： Treatment and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury is a complicated problem, and the reconstruction and remyelination of neural reflex pathways are the essential process, during which oligodendrocytes play an important role in spinal cord injury repair. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of oligodendrocyte transplantation for acute spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS： Insulin-like growth factor 1 induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into oligodendrocytes, and those oligodendrocytes were transplanted into rats with acute spinal cord injury as induced cell transplantation group. Simple normal saline and natural oligodendrocytes were transplanted into the rat injured spinal cord as control group and oligodendrocyte group, respectively. Rat behavioral changes were observed by inclined plane test and Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan（BBB） scores. Neurological recovery and survival of the transplanted cells was detected and observed using spinal evoked potential and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Compared with the control group, BBB scores and the critical elevation angle of the incline plane test significantly increased, latencies of spinal motor and sensory evoked potential were on the decline（P〈0.05）, and there were no significant differences in above indicators between the two groups at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation. Moreover, survived oligodendrocytes after transplantation could be found in the lesions of spinal cord in both two groups. In conclusion, insulin-like growth factor 1-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into oligodendrocytes that exact an excellent role in acute spinal cord injury repair after transplantation, which achieve the equal clinical efficacy to the natural oligodendrocytes.