启蒙与“复魅”的双重变奏——试论中国当代启蒙困境

Double Variation of Enlightenment and “Enchantment”——On Chinese Contemporary Enlightenment Predicament

启蒙主义是继以人道主义为核心的文艺复兴之后的第二个进步思潮,启蒙主义即理性主义,主张用理性之光驱散黑暗、愚昧、专制,呼唤自由、平等、民主等,人道主义是启蒙主义的原点。中国是否仍需启蒙、当代中国马克思主义是否发生效用纯属两个伪命题。从主体上讲,任何时代都需要启蒙,只是启蒙的对象、方式、思想内容要随时代变化而作出调整。只有从后现代主义的批判出发,彻底反思启蒙理性自身的局限性如启蒙理性宏大叙事、以西方为中心的普遍主义、以人为中心的主体主义,才有望从理论和实践上突破当代中国启蒙的困境。

Enlightenment is the second progressive thought after the Renaissance centered with humanitarianism.Enlightenment,namely rationalism,advocates the removal of darkness,ignorance,and tyranny by rationality,and call for freedom,equality,and democracy.Humanitarianism is the origin of Enlightenment.Whether China still needs enlightenment and whether contemporary Chinese Marxism still has its effectiveness are purely two false propositions.Generally speaking,any age needs enlightenment,but the objects,methods,ideological content of the enlightenment should be adjusted with times.Only the post-modern criticism,a thorough reconsideration of the limitations of Enlightenment,such as the grand narrative of enlightenment rationality,west-centered universalism,and human-centered subject doctrine can hopefully make the breakthrough of contemporary Chinese enlightenment in the theory and practice.