苹果果实生长发育过程中的品质变化规律

Quality Change Rule during Apple Fruit Development

以澳洲青苹、富士和黄元帅为研究对象,对果实发育中后期单果重、果形指数、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量和果实硬度进行连续测定并分析其动态变化规律。结果表明,随着果实的生长发育,单果重呈上升趋势,果形指数呈不显著的增加趋势;可滴定酸含量随着果实的生长发育呈降低趋势,澳洲青苹和黄元帅酸度降低速度较快,是富士酸度降低速度的3倍左右;可溶性固形物含量呈增加趋势,且三个品种间的增加速率差异不大;固酸比呈增加趋势;果实硬度为先增加后降低趋势,硬度峰值出现在8月5日也是单果重迅速增加的开始日期。在整个果实生长发育过程中,澳洲青苹果实可滴定酸含量显著高于其他两个品种,固酸比低于其他两个品种;可溶性固形物含量黄元帅高于富士,澳洲青苹相对较低。

Taking Granny Smith,Fuji and Huangyuanshuai apple as the research objects,the single fruit weight,fruit shape index,fruit firmness,titratable acid and soluble solid contents at the middle and later periods during fruit development were continuously measured,and their dynamic variation rules were analyzed.The results showed that the single fruit weight showed an increasing tendency with the development of fruit,and the fruit shape index showed a inapparent increasing trend. The titratable acid presented a decreasing tendency,and the decreasing rate of Granny Smith and Huangyuanshuai was about 3 times of that of Fuji. The soluble solid content showed an increasing tendency,and the differences of increasing rates among the three varieties were not larger. The tss- acid ratio showed an increasing tendency. The firmness firstly increased and then decreased with the development of fruit. The peak value appeared on August 8,which was also the start date of single fruit weight increasing rapidly. During the whole fruit growth and development process,the titratable acid content of Granny Smith was significantly higher than that of Fuji and Huangyuanshuai,and the tss- acid ratio was lower; the soluble solid content of Huangyuanshuai was higher than that of Fuji,and Granny Smith possessed relatively lower soluble solid content.