龙口市梨园土壤养分状况调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Soil Nutrients of Pear Orchard in Longkou City

梨是龙口市主要果树产业之一,了解梨园土壤养分状况,是指导梨优质丰产和产业可持续发展的前提。本课题组取样并分析了该地区15个典型梨园0~20、20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层样品的酸碱度及养分含量。结果表明,3个土层土壤p H值在6.5~7.5之间的分别占调查梨园总数的12.5%、25.0%和28.6%,其余87.5%、75.0%和71.4%的梨园土壤呈酸性或微酸性;0~20、20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层有机质含量处于缺乏水平的梨园比例分别达25.0%、62.5%和100.0%;3个土层全氮含量处于中高等水平的梨园比例分别为100.00%、87.50%和71.43%,碱解氮含量处于中高等水平所占比例分别为75.00%、62.50%、14.29%;调查梨园0~60 cm土层的有效磷含量的平均值为91.33 mg/kg,而速效钾含量的平均值为215.54 mg/kg,含量相对较高。综合分析,增施有机肥,减少化肥尤其是氮磷钾肥施用量,改进施肥方法及防止土壤酸化是今后龙口市梨园土壤养分管理的重点。

Pear is one of the most important pomology industries in Longkou City. To know about the soil nutrient status in pear orchards is the premise of guiding high quality and high yield of pear and sustainable development of pear industry. The p H value and nutrient contents in samples of 0 ~ 20,20 ~ 40 cm and 40 ~60 cm soil layers from 15 typical pear orchards were investigated in Longkou City. The results showed that there were 12. 5%,25. 0% and 28. 6% respectively for the 3 soil layers possessing the suitable p H value of6. 5 to 7. 5,however,the remaining 87. 5%,75. 0% and 71. 4% had lower p H value than 6. 5. The soil organic matter contents in most of the orchards were in deficient status,and the percentages were 25. 0%,62. 5% and 100. 0% respectively. There were 100. 00%,87. 50% and 71. 43% for 3 soil layers possessing medium or higher total N content,and 75. 00%,62. 50% and 14. 29% possessing medium or higher alkali-N content. Higher olsen- P（91. 33 mg / kg） and avail- K（215. 54 mg / kg） contents were determined in the0 ~ 60 cm soil layer of pear orchards. Therefore,increasing organic fertilizer,reducing chemical fertilizer application,improving fertilizer application method and preventing soil acidification were the primary measures for soil nutrient management in pear orchards of Longkou City.