形式论视域下列夫·托尔斯泰的形象——以艾亨鲍姆的研究为例

Tolstoy's Image in the Theory of Formalism——Take Boris Mikhai lovich as an example

鲍里斯·米哈依洛维奇·艾亨鲍姆(БорисМихайловичЭйхенбаум,1886—1959)是俄苏著名文艺理论家、文学史家,俄苏形式论诗学(Русскийформализм)的创建者和骨干之一。艾亨鲍姆先后采用了"形式论"批评和"社会学"批评两种方法,大胆地对已经固定下来的各种有关托尔斯泰的看法进行了重新考察,提出了一系列独到而有新意的见解,不但为自己的文艺理论探索提供了实践范本,而且发展和超越了俄苏形式论诗学。

Boris Mikhailovich Eichenbaum（ Борис Михайлович Эйхенбаум,1886- 1959） was a Russian and Soviet literary theorist,literary historian,who was a representative of Russian formalism. In this paper,Eichenbaum＇s study of Tolstoy was introduced,Eichenbaum used two methods： Formalist criticism and Sociological criticism. Eichenbaum reviewed the fixed views about Tolstoy,proposed a series of unique and original ideas,not only provides a practical model for his literary theory,but also developed and exceeded Formalist criticism.