硼素对甜菜根系影响的研究

Effect of Boron on Root Growth of Sugar Beet

研究硼素对甜菜根系形态参数、生理活性的影响,阐明硼素对甜菜根系性能的影响机制,为甜菜生产实践硼肥施用提供理论依据。以甜菜单粒种‘HI0099’为试验材料,在水培条件下,设置十分缺乏(T1,0.05 mg/L)、缺乏(T2,0.5 mg/L)、正常(T3,2.0 mg/L)及过量毒害(T4,30.0 mg/L)4个硼营养浓度,对甜菜根系干物质量、冠根比、根系形态及活力进行测定,分析甜菜根系生长及生理变化规律。结果表明:硼素缺乏和毒害胁迫均降低了甜菜根系的干物质重;硼素缺乏胁迫降低了冠根比值,硼素毒害胁迫升高了冠根比值。在硼素缺乏与毒害胁迫下,根系体积、根粗、根系活力均有下降的趋势,且随着生育进程推进降低的幅度增大。综合分析表明,硼素胁迫降低了甜菜的根系活力,影响了根系的生长及干物质积累,进而导致根系性能恶化和根冠比例失调。因此,在甜菜生产中合理施用硼肥来改善根系生长与生理活性、调节冠根比例,对甜菜高产优质栽培具有重要实践意义。

The study is to investigate the effects of boron application on morphological parameter andphysiological activity of sugar beet root, elucidate the influence mechanism of boron application on rootproperties and provide a theoretical basis for boron application in sugar beet production. Sugar beet cultivar‘HI0099＇was used as an experimental material, four boron concentrations were designed： very deficiency（T1,0.05 mg/L）, deficiency（T2, 0.5 mg/L）, normal（T3, 2.0 mg/L）, excessive toxicity（T4, 30.0 mg/L）. Root dry weight,shoot-root ratio, root morphology and activity were determined to analyze the growth and physiological laws ofsugar beet. The results showed that： boron deficiency and toxicity both decreased dry weight of sugar beet root,boron deficiency decreased shoot-root ratio, boron toxicity increased shoot-root ratio. In boron deficiency andtoxicity condition, root volume, root diameter and root activity all exhibited a downward trend, and thereduction amplitude increased as the developmental process went on. Comprehensively considering the results,boron stress decreased root activity, influenced the growth and dry matter accumulation of root, then caused thedeterioration of root property and the maladjustment of shoot-root ratio. Thus, the reasonable boron applicationcan improve root growth and physiological activities and regulate shoot-root ratio, and has practical meaningfor the high quality and high yield cultivation of sugar beet.