香港粤语人群的普通话声调语调偏误特征

Tone and Intonation in Mandarin Utterances by HK Cantonese L2 Learners

语音的自然度在很大程度上取决于声调语调等韵律特征,而这些韵律特征的语言差异是导致二语韵律偏误的重要原因。本文比较了普通话母语人群和香港粤语人群产出的普通话声调语调特征。首先从声学上分析了句中双字调组的基频模式,发现粤语人群的主要偏误是调域偏窄,尤其体现在阳平调。然后,通过听辨实验和声学分析,系统考察了不同句长及不同尾字调的陈述句、语调疑问句、带"吗"疑问句的语调。听辨实验表明,粤语组陈述句的辨识率高于母语组,而疑问句的辨识率低于母语组(尤其是阳平或去声结尾时)。声学分析发现,粤语组陈述句的基频下倾比母语组更明显,而疑问句相对于陈述句的整体基频提升则弱于母语组(尤其句子较长时),只是句尾基频提升依然明显。听辨实验与声学分析的结果一致,粤语人群的普通话语调偏误可归因于语言能力受限及语言负迁移效应。研究结果有助于粤语人群的普通话语音训练。

This study compared tone and intonation in L1 Mandarin by native speakers and in L2 Mandarin by HK Cantonese learners. Firstly, by examining F0 patterns of disyllabic words in the sentence, we found the narrowed pitch range to be the main L2 error on tones, especially in T2. Then, using acoustic analysis and perceptual experiment, three types of sentences （i. e. , statement, intonation question, and particle question） ending with different tones and in different lengths were investigated. The perceptual experiment showed that declarative intonation in 12 speech was better identified than in L1 speech, which could be explained by the more evident F0 declination in L2 speech. In contrast, interrogative intonation in L2 speech had a lower rate of identification than in L1 speech, especially when the sentence ends with T2 or T4. Acoustic analysis showed that the global F0 heightening for questions was weaker in L2 speech than in L1 speech, especially in longer sentences, while the sentence -final F0 raising was well maintained in L2 speech. Perceptual and acoustic studies showed consistent results on L2 intonation errors, which could be explained by the limited lan- guage abilities and the negative language transfer effect. The findings will be helpful for L2 pronunciation training.