多元共生:盐马古道沙溪白族的空间、信仰与实践

Plural Symbiosis: Space, Belief, and Practice of the Bais in Shaxi of the Ancient Salt-Horse Road

沙溪古镇位于中国通往缅甸和印度的西南丝绸之路上,承担着沟通藏地与中原的茶马交易,也是为中央王朝所掌控的盐马古道中心地带。因其是"茶马古道现今唯一幸存集市"的遗产价值,为世人猎奇的眼光所搜索和聚焦,成为诸多外国游客心向往之的旅游目的地,也纷纷吸引了各种资本的进入。文章从盐马古道—沙溪区域的整体性视阈,来观照沙溪古镇多元累叠的文化空间,体验沙溪白族多元共生的信仰实践。沙溪白族的信仰实践不仅成为整个村落社会和人际交往的组织规范,更是包含了族群的观念、知识、性格与精神的族群遗产,在一系列节庆仪式中经由家庭系统将生命崇拜、祖先崇拜与天地祭祀的传统结合在一起。最后,文章通过对沙溪白族信仰实践,尝试对遗产与旅游的相互关系进行探讨。

Located on China＇s Southwestern Silk Road to Burma and India, Shaxi Township, which is also the center of the Salt-Horse Road controlled by the central dynasties, undertakes the communication of tea and horse trade between the Tibetan area and the Central Plains. Because of its heritage value as the only one surviving market today, Shaxi Township draws people＇s curious attention, becomes many foreign tourists＇ yearning designation, and thus also attracts various capital investments. From the holistic perspective of Shaxi region of the Ancient Salt-Horse Road, This article first reveals the ancient Shaxi Township＇s plural cultural space, and experiences the Bais＇ belief practice of plural symbiosis there. And then it points out that the belief practice of the Bais in Shaxi only becomes the organizational norms for the whole village＇s social and interpersonal communication, but also includes the ethnic heritage as the Bais＇ concept, knowledge, charater, and spirit, which in a series of festival celebrations combines together life worship, ancestor worship, and sacrifice of heaven and earth by family system traditionally. Finally, through the practice of Shaxi Bais＇ faith, the article attempts to discuss the mutual relation between heritage and tourism.