延续护理对单采血小板献血者持续献血的效果研究

Study on effects of continuing nursing on sustained blood donation of apheresis platelets donators

目的：探讨延续护理对首次单采血小板献血者持续献血的效果。方法：选取我院2014年8月-2015年8月120名首次单采血小板献血者,研究对象按照随机分组方法等分成对照组和试验组,对照组采用常规护理方式护理;试验组采用延续护理模式干预护理,内容包括认知干预、心理干预、行为干预,在干预后的1年内评估两组献血者持续献血情况,包括献血小板人数、成为志愿工作者人数、成功招募献血者人数,全血及血小板间隔献血人数、不再献血小板人数,并采取调查分析报告观察两组献血者生活方式的改变及相关知识的知晓情况以了解干预效果。结果：两组献血者干预后的1年内试验组持续献单采血小板人数、成为志愿工作者人数、成功招募献血者人数比对照组多,而全血及血小板间隔献血人数、不再献血小板人数等比对照组少,具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。献血者的认知行为与对照组相比试验组相关知识的知晓率、生活方式的改变人数,两组间比较具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：通过延续护理能促进单采血小板献血者持续献血,改变不良生活习惯,提高献血者的依从性,对招募、召回与保留献血者起到积极作用。

Objective：To discuss effects of continuing nursing on sustained blood donation of first-time apheresis platelets donators.Methods：Selected 120first-time apheresis platelets donators in our hospital from August 2014 to August 2015,and randomly divided these study objects into control group and experimental group equally;control group donors received usual nursing while experimental group donors received intervention nursing under the continuing nursing mode,which included cognitive intervention,mental intervention and behavioral intervention.Sustained blood donation conditions of both groups were assessed within one year after the interventions.The assessed fields included number of platelet donors,number of volunteers,number of successfully recruited blood donors,number of donors who donated whole-blood and platelets alternately and number of donors who no longer donated platelets.Then changes in life styles of both group donors and their masteries of relevant knowledge were observed through analysis reports,so as to know about intervention effects.Results：Within 1 year after interventions,experimental group had more sustained apheresis platelets donator,volunteers,successfully recruited donors,but fewer donors who donated whole-blood and platelets alternately and donors who no longer donated platelets,the differences had statistical significances（ P〈0.05）.Cognitive behaviors of donors,masteries of relevant knowledge and changes in life styles were compared between both groups,and the comparisons had statistical differences（ P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Continuing nursing can encourage sustained blood donations of apheresis platelets donators,help them to change unhealthy living habits and increase their compliances.It plays an active role in recruitment,call back and conservation of donors.