文学城乡:都市厌恶与精神原乡——关于“沈从文模式”的相关解读

Literary City and Countryside: Cityphobia and Spiritual Homeland:An Interpretation of “Shen Congwen Mode”

以"都市恶"和"乡村美"的价值赋值和城乡二元对立书写,构成了20世纪中国文学的"沈从文模式"。论文认为,"乡下人"的身份意识及其初遇现代都市的"都市惊愕",是沈从文模式的作家心理生成机制;"都市厌恶"及其"精神原乡",是沈从文模式的城乡交互刺激而生成的文学特质与功能;对于城乡社会的先验赋值与道德审美,是沈从文模式的城乡书写姿态。论文进而认为,沈从文模式在文化精神现象学意义上体现为东方民族初遇现代都市,因为都市的陌生恐惧而产生的"审美惊愕",因都市厌恶而精神原乡,是沈从文城乡书写的互文与逻辑。今天看来,道德性审美,先验性赋值,沈从文模式对于城乡书写的道德性提纯,遮蔽与损耗了城与乡,人与存在的多义性和丰富性。因此,反思与超越沈从文模式,是当代中国文学的应然与必然。

The ＂urban evil＂ and ＂rural beauty＂ and the writing of urban-rural opposition have constituted ＂Shen Congwen Mode＂ in 20~ century Chinese literature. The paper holds that the identity consciousness of＂country folk＂ and the ＂urban shock＂ at first sight of meeting modern city, is the writer＇s psychological generating mechanism Shen Congwen mode; ＂urbanphobia＂ and ＂spiritual homestead＂, is the literary characteristics and functions growing out of the mode of Shen Congwen＇ s urban and rural interactive stimulation; the apriori valorization and moral aesthetics for the urban and rural society, is the mode of Shen Congwen＇ s writing posture. Furthermore, the mode of Shen Congwen response to city embodies the orient nation＇s first meeting modern city in the terms of spiritual phenomenology, Nowadays, Shen＇ s moral aesthetics, apriori valorization, the moral purification of have shaded the diversity and richness of urban and rural experience, human and being. Therefore, Chinese Contemporary Literature ought to retrospect on and surpass Shen Congwen.