何谓“文化革命”

What Is the “Cultural Revolution”

毛泽东在不同历史时期提倡的"文化革命",内涵有区别,效果也各异,不宜混同。具体可分为四个时期:(1)新民主主义革命时期,"文化革命"主要指在"文化战线"和"思想战线"上批判帝国主义和封建主义旧文化,创造无产阶级领导的中华民族新文化。(2)社会主义改造基本完成后,"文化革命"是指在文化事业和社会精神文明领域着力于建设、革新、创新、提升、发展、进步,目标是"科学文化现代化"。(3)1965年以后,"文化革命"逐渐从思想文化领域的批判发展成为以"兴无灭资"、"防修反修"为目的,在全国范围和所有领域批判"资产阶级反动路线"和批斗"走资派"的政治运动。(4)毛泽东在晚年曾一度有新的想法,提出真正的文化大革命是"发明火、发明蒸汽机和建立马克思列宁主义",又回到从人类文明进步的标志性飞跃角度来理解文化大革命。

The ＂cuhural revolution＂, advocated by Mao Zedong in different historical periods, had different connotation and effect and should not be mixed. Concretely, it can be divided into four periods ： （ 1 ） During the new democratic revolution, the ＂cultural revolution＂ mainly referred to criticizing the old imperialism and feudalism culture on the ＂cultural battle line＂ and ＂ideological battle line＂ and creating the new Chinese nation culture led by the proletariat. （2） After basically completing the socialist transformation, the ＂ cultural revolution＂ referred to focusing on making construction, reformation, innovation, promotion, development and progressing the areas of the cultural undertakings and the social spiritual civilization, with the goal of ＂science and culture modernization＂. （3） After 1965, the ＂cultural revolution＂ gradually developed from the criticism in the ideological and cultural field into the political movement that criticized the ＂ bourgeois reactionary line＂ and denounced the ＂capitalist roader＂ across the nation and in all fields, with the purpose of ＂fostering proletarian ideology and eliminating bourgeois ideology＂ and ＂preventing and combating revisionism＂. （4） In his later years, Mao Zedong once had new ideas, and put forward that the real cultural revolution was ＂inventing the fire, inventing the steam engine and establishing the Marxism-Leninism＂, it seemed that he returned to understand the cultural revolution from the perspective of the symbolic leap of human civilization progress.