基于板件贡献分析的装载机驾驶室低噪声设计

Low Noise Optimization Design of Loader Cab Based on Panel Contribution Analysis

分别建立某装载机驾驶室及室内声腔有限元模型,通过单点输入多点输出(single input and multiple output,简称SIMO)法模态试验验证了声振耦合模型的准确性,测取悬置点激励进行频率响应分析及室内噪声预测。对驾驶室进行声学灵敏度分析,采用声传递向量法对驾驶室进行声学板件贡献度分析并对关键板件进行形貌优化,同时添加橡胶阻尼材料抑制壁板振动,进行二次声压虚拟预测。结果表明,声学灵敏度分析可得到多阶关键声振耦合频率,声传递向量法板件贡献度分析能准确定位产生噪声峰值的关键板件,形貌优化及添加阻尼材料的方案降噪效果显著,室内总声压级降低了4.43dB。此方案系统地为低噪声车身设计提供了技术路线,减少了传统方案的主观性和重复性,缩短了研发周期,降低了研发成本。

The loader is a widely used type of high-power construction machinery,so reducing its interior noise can greatly improve the man-machine environment.Models of a loader cab and its acoustic cavity are built separately to compose an acoustic-structural coupling model that is verified by single input and multiple output(SIMO)mode test.The excited force of the suspension points is measured.Then,the frequency response analysis and the prediction of the cab interior noise are carried out.Acoustic sensitivity analysis and the acoustic panel contribution of the cab are performed using the acoustic transfer vector method.Topography optimization is carried out on the critical panels based on the acoustic panel contribution analysis.Then,rubber damping material is applied to reduce the vibration.Finally,the second prediction of the virtual pressure is carried out.The acoustic sensitivity analysis can obtain several critical vibro-acoustic coupling frequencies,and the panel contribution analysis based on the acoustic transfer vector method can determine the critical panels that accurately produce the noise peak values.In addition,the scheme of the topography optimization and rubber damping materials has a remarkable effect on noise reduction,and the overall sound pressure level dropped by 4.43 dB.This scheme provides a technical route to design a lownoise car body systematically,decrease the subjectivity and repetitions of the traditional process,reduce design costs,and shorten the design cycle.