后现代知识权力理论反思——从尼采的“权力意志”到福柯的“话语权力”

Reflection on the theory of postmodern knowledge power——from Nietzsche's “power will” to Foucault's “discourse power”

尼采是在信仰领域,对"真理""上帝"等资本主义制度所编织的一套话语系统的合法性大胆地提出了质疑,福柯的"话语权力"思想正是对前者理论的继承与发展。福柯通过对"话语"的谱系学考察发现,任何社会中,话语的生产都会按照一定的程序而被控制、选择、组织和再传播,其中隐藏着复杂的权力关系。福柯对于话语权力的分析是通过他对"知识史"的考古式的研究而得出的结论,他把知识还原为话语。福柯通过对话语的梳理,将知识与权力离析,从而发现当今文明社会中所谓的"文明""科学"不过是权力的另一种表现而已,人的"主体"并没有能动性,而是在各种权力网中"被构成"。

In the field of religion, Nietzsche questioned the legitimacy of a discourse system, such as truth and god, compiled by the capitalist institution. Foucault＇s ＂discourse power＂ is the inheritance and development to Nietzsche＇s theory. Through the study of the genealogy of ＂discourse＂, Foucault found out, in every society, the discourse production will be controlled, selected, organized and re-spreaded according to certain procedures, in which complicated power relations are hidden. The ＂discourse power＂ of Foucault is the conclusion drawn from his study of ＂intellectual history, he put the knowledge back to discourse. Through the combing of discourse and the segregating of knowledge and power, Foucault revealed that in the modern civilized world, the so called ＂ civilization＂ and ＂science＂ is only the another manifestation of power, and that people was constructed in every power net without motility.