中国传统天人合一宇宙观的由来与价值

On the Origin and Values of the Chinese Traditional Cosmology of Heaven and Man in One

中国天人合一宇宙观可从天的神性、自然性,道德性、人文性等角度进行分析。"天人合一"的观念在中国古代渊远流长,自然与人、天道与人道是相通、相类和统一的。天人关系在夏商时期实际上是神人关系,天是万物的主宰。以孔孟为代表的儒家传统,虽然仍保持着对天的敬畏之情,但天的内涵已由原始宗教时代的人格神的意义转化为道德意义。在儒家看来,天地自然有至善至美的道德价值,而人的善性即是由天地自然的至善至美的道德价值所给予和规定的,人与自然应保持一种亲善的和谐关系。中国的天人合一思想或成为人类可持续发展的理论基础。

The Chinese traditional cosmology of Heaven and man in one can be explored by analyzing Heaven＇s deity,naturality,morality and humanism.Originating from ancient China,the concept of Heaven and man in one has a very long history,and holds that there exist connection,similarity and unity between nature and man,between the Tao of Heaven and the Tao of Man.The relationship between Heaven and man was,in fact,agod-man relationship in Xia and Shang Dynasties,when Heaven was held to dominate everything in the world.However,in the Confucian tradition represented by Confucius and Mencius,which still maintains the awe for Heaven,the connotation of Heaven develops from a personal god in primitive religion to a moral meaning.The Confucianism holds that the universe is endowed with perfect moral values,which renders and stipulates the goodness of man,and,therefore,there should be goodwill and harmony between man and nature.Perhaps the Chinese ideology of Heaven and man in one could be a theoretical cornerstone for human sustainable development.