“清语骑射”与“杜渐防微”——清代北京戏园相关禁令的考察

“Preserving Manchu-Language and Horseback Archery”and“Preventing Corruption”:On Some of the Injunctions Related to Peking Playhouses in the Qing Dynasty

清代政府对于北京戏园的经营地点和顾客群皆有制约,然而以往对于禁令制订的出发点多有误解。康熙朝以来内城禁止经营戏园,其目的并非"维稳",而是认为内城开设戏园会引诱旗人日滋游惰、耗费银钱。清代帝王视戏园为败坏风俗之端,担心旗人渐失满洲淳朴旧风、疏于清语骑射,因此禁止八旗子弟、王公大臣出入戏园或登台演戏。此外,清代统治者认为,官员听戏关乎吏治,禁止官员逛戏园、抑制其听戏的风尚,旨在防止官员、王公贵族玩忽职守、扰害平民以及结党营私。

Qing court imposed restrictions on the place and the clienteles of Peking Playhouses,which often caused misunderstanding. This paper argues that the prohibition of the Playhouses in Inner City generated from worrying about Bannermen＇s indolence and indulgence in luxury by court. Meanwhile the court prevented officials from being patrons of opera troupes and playhouses with the purpose of fighting against the political corruption.