缢蛏家系生长和耐热、耐高盐性能的对比研究

Comparative analysis of growth and heat tolerance,salt tolerance traits among Sinonovacula constricta families

为了探明缢蛏生长性状与耐温、耐高盐性能的关系,在乐清湾的优良群体子四代的基础上,于2014年获得了27个生长性状差异的家系,对各家系前期3个月的生长性能测定后,得到了生长优势家系5个,生长速度平均家系17个,生长劣势家系5个,再经过3个月的室外培育至幼贝后,将前期生长优势和生长劣势家系取出。预实验确定了缢蛏半致死温度、盐度分别是36.5℃和35.8。以群体繁育的缢蛏作为实验对照,将各家系分别培育在盐度正常、水温为36.5℃和水温正常、盐度为35.8的环境中。方差分析和多重比较各家系存活率,结果表明:在半致死温度和盐度条件下,生长优势家系存活率高于生长劣势家系,且不同家系间耐温、耐高盐性存在显著差异(P<0.05),耐热、耐高盐性能最强的家系比最差的家系分别高了74%和50%,初步获得了耐高温和耐高盐的家系,为如何获得生长性状优良且抗逆性强的缢蛏品种提供了理论依据。

To investigate the relationship between growth properties and thermal and high salt tolerance in Sinonovacula constricta,We have established and obtained 27 families with different growth performance of Sinonovacula constricta in 2014 based on the excellent group from Leqing Bay. Growth traits of different families were recorded in the first three months： Five families showed superior growth rate,seventeen families showed medium growth rate and five families showed inferior growth. After the next three months,five superior and inferior families were obtained respectively. In the preliminary experiment,the semi-lethal temperature and salinity of Sinonovacula constricta are 36. 5 ℃ and 35. 8 respectively. With the control group of group breeding Sinonovacula constricta,each families were cultivated in the environment of normal salinity,36. 5 ℃ water or normal temperature,35. 8 salinity respectively. To conclude,the survival rate of superior families was higher than the disadvantage families under the conditions of semi-lethal temperature and salinity and there was a significant difference in heat tolerance and salt tolerance among the different families studied（ P〈0. 05） by multiple comparison and variance analysis. The strongest family were higher than the worst family by 74% and 50% respectively in upper thermal and salt tolerance.