基于作物水分亏缺指数的云南葡萄干旱状况时空差异分析

Analysis of Temporal-spatial Variation Characteristic on Drought of Grape Based on Crop Water Deficit Index in Yunnan Province

选取云南省4个代表性葡萄产区,以1982—2011年30年间的气象资料为基础,利用FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith方法及其提供的基础作物系数计算作物需水量,结合生育期内降雨量计算作物水分亏缺指数(CWDI)并对其进行分析;利用线性倾向估计方法对不同生育阶段内CWDI的年际变化趋势进行了研究;结合农业干旱等级,对葡萄不同生育阶段不同程度干旱发生频率进行了统计和分析,以研究云南葡萄产区的干旱时空分布特征。结果表明:4个产区的CWDI走势均呈倾斜的"Z"型,且宾川、元谋、弥勒3个地区5月中旬以前CWDI值均较高,葡萄生长中期CWDI值较低;4个地区葡萄生长末期的CWDI值呈上升趋势,而其它时段大部分呈下降趋势,但升降趋势大多不显著;生长前期的特旱发生频率较高,生长中后期不同干旱程度发生频率均较低。

For studying the temporal-spatial variation characteristic of drought of grape in Yunnan Province,the weather data from 1982 to 2011 of four representational grape production areas of Yunnan Province was used to calculate the crop water requirement（ETC）of grape with the method commended by FAO.Then to combine ETc with the precipitation for calculating the crop water deficit index（CWDI）.Linear trend method was used to analyze annual variation tendency of CWDIin each growth stage.Based on the grade of agricultural drought,a systematic statistical analysis was implemented of the frequency of different degrees of drought in each growth stages.The results showed that CWDIappeared sloping‘Z＇type in the four areas,and the CWDI values before mid-May were very high in Binchuan county,Yuanmou county and Mile county,while the CWDI values were very low in the middle growth stage of all the four areas.The CWDI values were on the rise in the later growth stage of the four areas and most of the other stages were the downward trend,but most of the tendency was no-significant whether rise or down.The frequency of special drought was high during the early stage of the growth,while the frequency of different degree drought during the middle and later periods were low.