三种有代表性的中小学作文教学模式及启示

Three Typical Composition Teaching Models in Primary and Secondary Schools and their Enlightenment

1949年以后,我国中小学出现过三种有代表性的作文教学模式:读写结合作文教学模式、情境作文教学模式和分格作文教学模式。这三种作文模式或强调读写之间的关系,提取写作规律性知识;或创设各种情境,将习作观察、动机激发、情感表达、说话写话、素材积累、范文仿写等训练有效整合,提出作文教学的阶段和步骤;或分析各种汉语常用句式、修辞手法、段落和篇章结构,提出百格范例。这三种模式的创生揭示:语文教材应根据课程标准进一步细化作文课程的教学内容,并结合阅读教学,系统化呈现中小学相应年段的作文教学知识。

Since 1949, three typical composition teaching models have emerged in primary and secondary schools： Combination of Reading and Writing, Affective Situation Writing, and Compartment Composition. They either emphasize relationship between reading and writing, extracting regular knowledge of writing; or propose stages and steps of writing, effectively integrating observation, motivation, emotion expression, speech writing, material accumulation, and imitative writing by creating a variety of situations; or put forward examples for compartment composition by analyzing various kinds of sentence patterns frequently used in Chinese, rhetoric, paragraph and chapter structure. The creation of these three typical models reveal that we should make writing curriculum content more explicit bdsed on the curriculum standards, and WPCK （Writing Pedagogical Content Knowledge） should be presented systematically in combination with reading teaching materials according to different phases of composition teaching in primary and secondary schools.