马克思恩格斯对中国传统文化生态的评判及意识形态期待

Marx and Engels' Critique of Traditional Chinese Cultural Ecology and Their Ideological Expectation on China

在启蒙时期中西文化发生实质性遭遇之后,西方学者对中国传统文化的评判经历了一个由高度颂扬到无情批判的颠覆性转变过程。与以往学者的评判相比,马克思恩格斯对中国文化的评判是以唯物史观为理论依据的,是在中国传统文化与社会存在等外部要素之间的关系、世界历史境遇下的中华文化与他民族文化之间的交流互动以及中国社会各阶级文化之间的关系等层面展开的文化生态评判,在把握事实总和的基础上对中国文化生态进行了社会主义意识形态的期待。

After the Chinese and Western cultures encountered substantially with each other in the period of enlightenment,Western scholars' judgment on traditional Chinese culture shifted dramatically from high commendation to ruthless critique.Compared with previous scholars,Marx and Engels base their judgment on Chinese culture on historical materialism.Their critique is one of cultural ecology that concerns the relationship between traditional Chinese culture and its external conditions of social existence,the interaction between Chinese culture and other cultures within the broader context of world history,and the relationship between cultures of different classes in China.Based on the grasping of the sum of facts,they assume a socialist expectation on the Chinese cultural ecology.