非正规就业视角下的制造业空间重构——基于2000、2010年地级及以上城市的实证研究

MANUFACTURING SPATIAL RESTRCTURING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT:AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON PREFECTURE-LEVEL CITIES IN 2000 AND 2010

我国制造业的空间重构不仅表现为整体格局和职能强度的变化,更体现在内部构成要素的分化上。我国从事制造业的正规与非正规从业人员比例由2000年的41.7:58.3转变为2010年的29.3:70.7。两者的空间结构差异明显,非正规就业密度由沿海向内陆逐步递减,而正规就业在内陆省会城市存在明显高地。本文分析了制造业重构过程中的六类城市及其分布变化。研究表明,全球化进程和就业门槛显著促进了非正规就业增长;非正规就业也与经济发展存在共生关系,但与制度环境并无显著关联;此外廉价劳动力、市场可达性与规模经济对制造业的区位选择具有显著影响。

On the basis of population census and employment statistics, this thesis estimates the number and proportion of informal employment in manufacturing sector with prefecture level cities in the year of 2000 and 2010. According to the estimation, for China＇s manufacturing, the proportion of informal labor has reached 58.3% in 2000 and 70.7% in 2010, while its spatial distribution is different from formal employment to some extent. Concretely, distribution of informal employment shows steadily downward trend from coastal region to inner region while there is obvious some agglomeration of formal employment in provincial capital. According to the function of whole manufacturing, function of formal manufacturing and development status of informal employment, this research shows six different pattern in the process of manufacturing spatial restructuring, especially its variation of their location from 2000 to 2010 in different regions in China,such as coastal area, north east area, central area, west China, etc. Via multinomial logistic regression, the thesis explains the forming mechanism of six patterns. Refer to the Dual Theory, New Marxism, New liberalism and location theory, the thesis demonstrates accompanying economic development the phenomenon of informal employment would exist for a long time, and in order to decrease labor cost in the day of globalization, various flexible production would significantly promote informal employment. Furthermore, the relation between institutional environment and informal employment development doesn＇t have linear relationship, but the high threshold would promote the increase of informal employment.