论地缘战略的主体间性——兼论中国地缘战略抉择

STUDY ON THE INTER-SUBJECTIVITY OF GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGY:DISCUSS ON THE CHOISE OF CHINA'S GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGY

"主体间性"一词是20世纪西方哲学凸显出来的一个重要概念,对这一问题的研究有助于解决本体论、认识论和伦理学等多方面的问题。简单来说,主体间性就是主体之间的交互作用。主体间性具有物质性、实践性、历史性和社会性,其存在于集体主体之中,可以通过"教化"获得。据此,本文通过对四个经典地缘政治理论,即国家有机体论、海权论、陆权论和边缘地带论的历史分析,挖掘了隐含在其中的主体间性。并以美国对苏联和中国实施的地缘战略围堵为例,通过分析同一地缘战略所导致的截然不同结果,表明了地缘战略的构建、制定和实施都必须遵循主体间性。最后根据主体间性提出中国未来地缘战略抉择。

This article analysis on the four classical geopolitical theories based on the perspective of history.The four classical geopolitical theories are national organism theory, sea power theory, land power theory and the edge district theory. At the same time, we can understand why the four classic geopolitical theories have so much influence and role. To further demonstrate, we take the U.S.A containment China and the Soviet Union to interpret. During the cold war, the U.S.A executed containment strategy towards the Soviet Union, in the late 20 thcentury and the early 21^st century the United States executed this strategy towards China too. But the results of the two states are completely different, the Soviet Union collapsed, and thanks to over 30 years of reform and opening up, China has achieved sustained and rapid economic development and considerably improved its overall national strength. This is mainly due to the main body of inter-subjectivity has changed. Because that is the big gap between China and the United States, and China has no nature of aggression. However, during the cold war the United States and the Soviet Union had the equal power. And the two countries have a consensus in many aspects, such as they all expanded their national territory by aggression, and they all believe the importance of geography. This suggests that the construction, formulate and implement of geopolitical strategy must follow the inter-subjectivity.