突发危机事件与网络舆情疏导——“6.1”长江沉船事件和“8.12”天津爆炸案的比较

The Guidance of Network Public Opinion in Crisis: Comparison of the Yangtze River Shipwreck and the Tianjin Explosion

[目的/意义]突发危机事件发生后,政府面临着线下和线上的双重考验。能否对网络舆情进行有效疏导,既事关现场应急处置的成功,也关系着社会稳定与和谐。因此,加强突发危机事件中网络舆情疏导的研究,对提升政府危机管理能力具有重要意义。[方法/过程]通过对突发危机事件中网络谣言生成机理的分析,以及2015年"6.1"长江沉船事件和"8.12"天津爆炸案中政府舆情疏导的成败对比研究提出,突发危机事件中政府网络舆情疏导的三大路径:提升政府舆情监控和引导力、完善新闻发布机制、即时依法查处和惩戒网络谣言。[结果/结论]虽然网络谣言常常与突发危机事件相伴而生,但谣言也并非突发危机事件的必然产物。其滋生、流行与否,很大程度上取决于政府舆情疏导的成败。

[Purpose/Significance] After the crisis, the government is faced with double challenges online and offline. Whether we can guide the network public opinion effectively or not is not only related to the success of the on-site emergency treatment, but also to social stability and harmony. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of network public opinion guidance in the emergency crisis management, and to improve the ability of the government crisis management. [ Method/Process] Based on the analysis of Internet rumors in the emergent crisis events-generated mechanism, and the comparative study about government public opinion handling in the two influential events of the “6. 1 Yangtze River Ship Sinking in 2015” and the “8. 12 Tianjin Explosion”, it reveals three critical paths for government to guide public opinion in crisis, namely improving government’ s monitoring and guidance of public opinion, perfecting the mechanism of press releases, and investigating and disciplining internet rumors lawfully and timely. [ Result/Conclusion] Although the Internet rumors are often accompanied by a sudden crisis, the rumors are not the inevitable outcome of the crisis. The breeding and spreading of Internet rumors, to a large extent, depend on the success or failure of guidance of government.