广州市越秀区5617例3～6岁儿童气质分析

Analysis on temperament of 5 617 children aged 3-6 years old in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City

目的 了解广州市越秀区3～6岁儿童的气质类型及各维度的不同特点,为儿童个体化抚养方案的提出提供理论依据.方法 选取2013年1月至2015年12月来本院儿童保健科体检的健康儿童5 617例,采用3～7岁儿童气质问卷进行调查,经儿童气质分析软件得出结果.结果 5 617例3～6岁儿童的气质类型以中间型为主;男女儿童在气质类型分布上比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;不同年龄儿童在气质类型分布上比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;在气质维度方面,不同性别儿童在活动水平、节律性、情绪本质、坚持度、注意分散度、反应阈等维度比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;不同年龄段儿童在活动水平、节律性、趋避性、适应性、反应强度、坚持度、反应阈等七个气质维度上比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 广州市越秀区3～6岁儿童主要气质类型以中间型为主,气质在不同个体间存在差异;部分气质维度在不同性别和年龄的儿童存在差异,应该早期了解儿童气质特点,为气质的早期干预提供依据.

Objective To explore temperament types and different characteristics of each dimension of children aged 3-6 years old in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou City,and provide theoretical basis for personalizing raising scheme.Methods 5 617 healthy children who underwent physical examination in children＆#39;s health section of our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected,and received the survey of children aged 3-7 years old temperament scale.The results were obtained by children＆#39;s temperament analysis software.Results The temperament types were dominated by middle type among 5 617 children aged 3-6 years old.There was statistically significant difference in temperament types between boys and girls （P〈0.05）,there was no statistically significant difference in temperament types between children with different age （P〉0.05）.There were statistically significant differences in temperament dimensions including activity level,rhythmicity,emotion essence,perseverance,distractibility,and reflecting threshold between boys and girls （P〈0.01）;there were statistically significant differences in temperament dimensions including activity level,rhythmicity,avoidance,adaptation,response intensity,perseverance,and reflecting threshold between children with different age （P〈0.01）.Conclusions The main temperament type of children aged 3-6 years old in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou City is middle type,while they are different from each other.There is significant difference in partial temperament dimensions between children with different gender and age.It provides evidence for early intervention on temperament if the temperament characteristics of children are known as early as possible.