A型肉毒毒素过敏事件的调查分析

Allergic reaction of the botulinum toxin type A

目的通过调查A型肉毒毒素过敏事件发生的基本情况，探讨其发生的原因及相应的防治措施。方法调查国内20家医疗美容机构2013年1月至2016年6月A型肉毒毒素过敏反应发生情况，对高危人群进行皮试观察过敏情况。对注射A型肉毒毒素的美容就医者年龄、性别、注射部位以及被调查医疗美容机构年注射人次、有无A型肉毒毒素过敏病例，过敏病例的临床表现等进行分析。结果9．8万人次A型肉毒毒素注射病例中，出现休克表现为2例，出现局部皮肤过敏表现为21例，皮肤过敏主要症状为局部风团、红肿、瘙痒和水肿等。A型肉毒毒素皮肤过敏反应主要与材料成分、化妆品和体质有关。结论A型肉毒毒素过敏反应及过敏性休克等严重不良反应要引起高度重视。加强注射前高危人群筛查，避免过敏事件发生。

Objective To investigate the cases of allergic reaction caused by botulinum toxin type A and the corresponding measures for its prevention and treatment. Methods The cases of allergic reaction caused by botulinum toxin type A were surveyed from 20 domestic medical cosmetic institutes from Jan. 2013 to Jun. 2016. Skin test was preformed for high risk population. Clinical data including customers＇ age, sex, injected site and times were collected in the hospitals, and cases of allergic reaction and their clinical manifestations were analyzed. Results Of 98000 cases injected with bot- ulinum toxin type A, allergic shock occurred in 2 cases and allergic reaction in 21 cases, including wheal, redness, itching and swelling etc. Conclusions Allergic reaction caused by botulinum toxin type A is mainly related with the composition of botulinum toxin type A, cosmetics and physical constitution. Severe complications such as allergic shock should he paid high attention. Screening of the high risk population should be emphasized to avoid the allergic events.