江苏省泰兴市疟疾流行与防治历程及消除措施和评价

Malaria epidemic, prevention and control process, and control measures and evaluation of malaria elimination in Taixing City,Jiangsu

目的分析江苏省泰兴市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,评价防治措施和防治效果,总结推广防治经验。方法收集泰兴市1950—2014年疟疾发病资料、流行病学调查、媒介调查、防治和监测资料,并进行描述性分析。结果泰兴市自1950年至今共发现疟疾病例2 358 190人,曾经发生过2次疟疾大流行,1971年发病率最高时达到2 794/万。中华按蚊系唯一传播媒介,综合防治阶段(1979—1988年)通过"一防、三治、压高峰"等措施,休止期根治1 010 914人次,现症治疗37 945人,清理复治23 068人,流行季节预防服药4 231 309人次。2005年达到基本消灭疟疾标准。通过近10年的监测,泰兴市的疟疾发病率始终控制在1/万以下,最后1例本地病例发生在2009年。消除疟疾阶段(2010—2014年)共血检48 042人,查出疟疾阳性35人,其中恶性疟31人,间日疟1人,三日疟1人,卵形疟2人,均为输入性病例,开展主动病例侦查174个行政村,34 954人,走访结果未发现疟疾病人。近4年未有本地感染疟疾病例发生,通过消除疟疾考核评估。结论泰兴市疟疾防控措施卓有成效且防治效果巩固,已经达到消除疟疾标准。

Objective To analyze the malaria epidemic, prevention and control process, and evaluate the prevention andcontrol measures and the effects of malaria elimination in Taixing City, Jiangsu Province, so as to generalizing the experiences.Methods The data of malaria incidence, epidemiological investigations, vector investigations, and prevention, control andmonitoring work in Taixing City from 1950 to 2014 were collected and analyzed descriptively. Results There were 2 358 190 malaria cases found and two pandemics in the city since 1950. The highest incidence reached 2 794 /10 000 in 1971.Anopheles sinensis was the only vector. During the stage of comprehensive prevention and control of malaria（1979-1988）, bythe measures that were called ＂one prevention, three controls, pressure peak＂,there were 1 010 914 person-times of radicalcure during the resting phase of malaria, 37 945 patients were treated at the onset, 23 068 patients had the retreatment, and thenumber of people with preventive medicine was 4 231 309 person- times in the epidemic seasons. The malaria epidemicsituation and prevention and control work reached the basic elimination standard in Taixing City in 2005. Over the last tenyears, according to the monitoring, the malaria incidence was always controlled under 1/10 000. The last one local case wasfound in 2009. In the malaria eliminating stage（2010- 2014）, 48 042 people had the blood tests and 35 persons werePlasmodium positive, in which 31 people with Plasmodium falciparum infections, 1 person with P. vivax infection, 1 with P.malaria infection, and 2 persons with P. ovale infections. All of them were imported cases. Totally 174 administrative villageshad the active case investigations for 34 954 people, and no malaria patients were found. In recent four years, no malariapatients with local infection were found. This city passed the assessment and evaluation of malaria elimination. Conclusion The prevention and control measures of malaria are effective and the achievements are stable in Taixing City, and therefore,this city has reached the standard of malaria elimination.