低出生体重儿的相关因素分析

Analysis on the related factors of low birth weight infants

目的探讨低出生体重儿的危险因素。方法选择2012年1月-2015年10月阜阳市太和县人民医院新生儿科进行问卷调查的低出生体重组180例和对照组180例作为研究对象。观察两组新生儿出生时的Apgar评分、新生儿并发症及出生缺陷,观察低出生体重和孕周、妊娠期高血压、母亲不良孕产史和孕期产检情况的关系。结果低出生体重组Apgar评分低于对照组(P<0.05),低出生体重组新生儿并发症和出生缺陷的发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。低出生体重组孕周<37周所占的比例明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。低出生体重组妊娠期高血压疾病的发病率高于对照组(P<0.05)。低出生体重组流产≥2次所占比例高于对照组(P<0.05),低出生体重组早产史所占比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。低出生体重组首次产检时间≤13周所占的比例明显低于对照组(P<0.05),低出生体重组产检次数≥8次所占的比例明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论低出生体重儿预后差,孕周、妊娠期高血压疾病、母亲的流产次数及早产史、产前检查不规范是低出生体重儿的危险因素。

Objective To explore the risk factors of low birth weight infants. Methods A total of 360 infants were selected from De- partment of Neonatology in the hospital from Janaury 2012 to October 2015 and divided into low birth weight infant group and control group, 180 infants in each group, all the infants were surveyed by a questionnaire. Apgar scores at birth, neonatal complications and birth defects in the two groups were observed; the relationships between low birth weight and gestational age, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy （HDCP）, maternal adverse pregnancy history, and perinatal examination were analyzed. Results Apgar score in low birth weight infant group was statistically significantly lower than that in control group （ P〈0. 05 ） . The incidence rates of neonatal complications and birth de- fects in low birth weight infant group were statistically significantly higher than those in control group （ P〈0.05 ） . The proportion of cases with gestational age less than 37 weeks in low birth weight infant group was statistically significantly higher than that in control group （ P〈 0.05） . The incidence rate of HDCP in low birth weight infant group was statistically significantly higher than that in control group （P〈 0. 05 ） . The proportion of cases with abortion history--〉2 times in low birth weight infant group was statistically significantly higher than that in control group （ P〈0. 05 ） . The proportion of cases with premature birth in low birth weight infant group was statistically significantly high- er than that in control group （P〈0. 05 ） . The proportion of cases receiving perinatal examination ≤ 13 weeks for the first times in low birth weight infant group was statistically significantly lower than that in control group （ P〈0. 05 ） . The proportion of cases receiving perinatal examination t〉 8 times in low birth weight infant group was statistically significantly lower than that in control group （P 〈 0. 05 ） Conclusion The prognosis of low birth weight infants is poor. Gestational age, HDCP, the times of miscarriages and premature birth histo- ry, nonstandard prenatal examination are risk factors for low birth weight infants.