从“总分匹配”到“专业导向”——高考志愿模式的转变对高校专业建设的驱动作用分析

From "Scores Matching" to "Specialties Guiding"——An Analysis on the Incentive Functions of the Mode Change of the Applications for College Entrance to the Design of College Specialties

为了深化高校考试招生制度改革,作为首批综合改革试点省份的浙江省和上海市相继发布了实施方案。方案首次打破了传统的文理分科,提出了"3+3"的选考科目,并且探索实行"专业+学校"的平行志愿填报模式。新模式在考生价值判断方式上实现了高考志愿从"总分匹配"向"专业导向"的转变,并且符合Gale-Shapley机制,具有公平和抗策略性。新模式在一定程度上扩大了学生的自主选择权、促进了高中系列课程改革,更重要的是驱动了高校优化专业布局、提升专业内涵、凝练专业特色,当然也可能存在让很多学生无所适从、给高中课程标准带来负面影响,以及间接促使区域、城乡教育不公平进一步拉大等弊端。

In order to promote and ensure the reform of the admission system of National College Entrance Examination （NCEE）,Zhejiang Province and Shanghai City have issued new implementation plans as the first comprehensive pilots in China. These plans have changed the former way of courses selection for NCEE,either arts or sciences. They proposed a new mode of courses selection,three compulsory courses（Chinese,Mathematics and English）plus three elective courses. Furthermore,the parallel mode of application,which is specialty with university,is suggested and implemented. This new mode of application has realized the shift of college admission system,from ＂scores matching＂ to ＂specialties guiding＂. This new mode accords with the mechanism of Gale-Shapley and enhances the independent choice of students. Moreover,it promotes the high school curricula reform and the specialties setting optimizing of colleges. On the other hand,this new mode also has some negative influences. For example,students do not know how to choose courses and apply for colleges. Furthermore,the educational inequity between the urban and rural will be deepened indirectly.