脆弱的“第三国主义”:1919～1945年的阿富汗对德外交和阿德关系的演变

Fragile Third-country Doctrine: Afghanistan's Diplomacy to Germany from 1919 to 1945 and Evolution of Afghanistan-Germany Relations

二战爆发前,德国是阿富汗"第三国主义"外交最主要的目标。二战前期,无论是由于"第三国主义"外交的历史惯性,还是出于德国对阿富汗的物资援助和人员支持的重要性,或是着眼于国际形势,德国仍是阿富汗"第三国主义"外交最主要的对象。1941年6月苏德战争爆发后,面对共同的敌人,阿富汗的南北强邻携手合作,最终使阿富汗的对德外交陷于困境,"第三国主义"外交的脆弱性表现得一览无余。

Before World War II broke out,Germany was the most important goal of Third-country Doctrine diplomacy of Afghanistan. In the beginning of the World War II,due to both historical inertia of Third-country Doctrine diplomacy and the importance of Germany's material aid and staff support to Afghanistan,as well as international situation,Germany was still the main object of Third-country Doctrine diplomacy of Afghanistan. Bilateral relations between Afghanistan and Germany was relatively intimate during this period. After Germany launched an invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941,Afghanistan's Diplomacy to Germany was in trouble because the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union combined to put pressure on Afghanistan which showed Third-country Doctrine diplomacy of Afghanistan was very fragile.