海上丝绸之路与中国的对外文化交流——以中国与东南亚的文化交流为例

Maritime Silk Road and China's Foreign Cultural Exchange

海上丝绸之路很早就把中国与东南亚、南亚、西亚联系在一起，尤其是密切了中国与东南亚的关系。公元前后到公元6～9世纪，东南亚出现了许多王国，他们在国家关系和经济影响方面深受中国的影响，在文化上也不同程度地接受了中国影响。11世纪以后尤其是郑和下西洋以后，东南亚与中国的关系越来越密切，中国对东南亚的影响尤其是物质文化、农业和手工业生产技术、航海和海船制造方面的影响继续增强，对东南亚居民社会生活的影响越来越大。但是，受地理环境和历史发展的影响，东南亚文化的主要特点是多样化，除了越南之外，古代中国精神文化对各东南亚国家的影响是较为有限的。近代大批华人进入东南亚，由华人带入东南亚的中国文化成为东南亚多元、多样文化的组成部分。因此，有必要在回顾历史的基础上，探讨当代中国如何向东南亚国家展示文化大国的形象，积极扩展文化交住。

China connects Southeast Asia,South Asia and Southwest Asia by Maritime Silk Road long ago. Maritime Silk Road facilitates relations between China and Southeast Asia especially. A lot of kingdom appeared from the Christian Era to the 9th century,and their development were influenced deeply by China. After the 11 th century AD,specially Zheng He's Voyage,relations between China and Southeast Asia were further closer. China's influence on Southeast Asia especially in the areas of the material culture and social life of local people increased. But,China's influence of spiritual culture on Southeast Asia was limited except in Vietnam owing to reasons of geography and historical development of Southeast Asia. Based on historical lessons,we need to discuss,how to display the image of big cultural power,and how to push forward the c ultural exchange between contemporary China and Southeast Asia.