从性状化到构式化:当代汉语“拼、扯、拽”的形容词化探究

From Characteristic to Constructive:A Study on the Adjectivization of “拼( Striving)”,“扯( Gossiping)” and “拽(Arrogant)” in Contemporary Chinese

"拼、扯、拽"可以接受各种量级与情态的程度副词修饰以体现其量幅特征,受副词修饰时可以充当定语,有时还可以带组合或粘合式补语,表明都已经是比较典型的形容词了。除了类推与重新分析,"拼、扯"是在"拼命、扯淡(蛋)"语义引申的基础上节略而形化的,是先隐喻再转喻;而"拽"的形化主要是隐喻起作用。形容词化的动因,主要是简洁与创新的语用需求。在发展过程中,这三个词还逐渐组成了"蛮拼的、太扯了、拽拽的、拽什么拽"等一系列习语,并形成了较成熟的流行构式"也是蛮拼的"。

＂拼（ striving）,扯（ gossiping）,and 拽（ arrogant） ＂can be modified by adverbs of various order of magnitude and mood to express the quantities,and act as attributives. Sometimes,they can be attached combined- type or adhesive complements. All these show that they become typical adjectives. Apart from the analogy and reanalysis,＂拼＂and ＂扯＂are adjectivized by ellipsis based on the semantic extension of ＂拼命、扯淡＂,and first metaphor,then metonymy; while the formation of＂拽＂mainly by metaphor. The causes of adjectivizing of the three words mainly lies in concise and innovation pragmatic demand. In the process of development,the three words have gradually formed a series of idioms such as ＂蛮拼的、太扯了、拽拽的、拽什么拽,etc. ＂,and formed the current relatively mature popular construction ＂也是蛮拼的（ It is also quite striving） ＂.