当代西方翻译研究的“文化转向”和“社会转向”综述

An Overview of the “Cultural Turn” and “Social Turn” in the Contemporary Western Translation Studies

自20世纪70年代以来,西方翻译研究出现了"文化转向"和"社会学转向"。通过梳理这两次转向的背景及流派、观点与发展,我们可以看出这两次转向是西方人文社会科学发展的一种必然,也是翻译研究本身发展的必然。从文化和社会学角度研究翻译能够更好地看到翻译活动在文化和社会中的作用和角色以及文化与社会对翻译活动的影响,这在一定程度上提升了翻译的地位,使翻译不再仅被视为一种语言转换。

Since 1970 s,translation studies in the West have taken the ＂cultural turn＂and ＂social turn＂. This paper summarizes the background of the two ＂turns＂and their respective schools,ideas and developments,from which it can be seen that the two ＂turns＂are inevitable because of the development of Western humanities and social sciences as well as the translatology itself. Translation studies from the perspectives of culture and sociology enable us to better understand the role of translation in culture and society and the influence of culture and society on translation. These studies,to some extent,have helped to improve the position of translation,which is no longer simply taken as a kind of language transfer.