基于球形杀伤元运动特性的明胶靶标标定方法研究

Research on Calibration Method of Ballistic Gelatin Based on Motion Characteristics of Spherical Projectile

为研究使用明胶靶标对杀伤元进行杀伤威力评估的工程方法,分析明胶靶标的材料力学性能,在实验研究的基础上,结合瞬态动力分析软件对球形杀伤元在明胶介质中的运动规律进行了分析研究。研究结果表明：在使用明胶靶标进行威力实验前,应对靶标材料特性进行标定;球形杀伤元在明胶介质中高速运动时会产生空腔现象,最大空腔直径会随着侵彻深度的增加而增大,杀伤元的速度、阻力均以指数形式衰减;杀伤元以中高速（300~1 000 m/s）侵彻明胶靶标时,可将明胶靶标简化为流体模型。通过实例分析、计算,建立了速度与位移的数学关系,确定了明胶靶标的标定方法。研究结果可为杀伤元威力评估和明胶靶标标定提供参考。

In order to explore the method of using a gelatin target to assess projectile lethality,the mechanical properties of ballistic gelatin are analyzed,and the movement rule of spherical projectile in gelatin is studied based on the experimental research and the transient dynamic analysis software. The results show that the mechanical properties of ballistic gelatin should be calibrated before experiment; a cavity phenomenon may arise when the spherical projectile moves in the ballistic gelatin at a high speed,the max diameter of cavity increases with the rising of penetration depth,and the resistance and speed of projectile are reduced exponentially; and the gelatin target can be simplified as a fluid model when the projectile penetrate it at a high speed（ 300 ～ 1 000 m / s）. The mathematical relationship between velocity and displacement is established through example analysis and calculation,and a ballistic gelatin calibration method is proposed.