农田施用沼气残余物研究热点与展望

Research Focus and Prospect for Application of Biogas Residue to Agricultural Land

厌氧发酵生产沼气是处理有机废弃物的理想方式,农田施用沼气残余物,对于节约能源和养分资源循环利用有着重要意义。从沼气残余物的特性,施用后对土壤微生物、土壤质量、作物产量和品质及养分吸收的影响,沼气残余物肥用后期处理技术及施用技术等方面讨论了农田施用沼气残余物的研究热点。沼气残余物既可作肥料,提高作物产量;又可作土壤调理剂,改善土壤肥力。采用浅层注射施肥技术代替普通撒施和条施方法施用沼气残余物,可以降低氨挥发损失,发挥其最佳肥效。通过后期堆肥处理,可以提高沼肥质量并降低农田施用的氮淋溶损失。分子生物学方法有助于分析复杂的土壤微生物特性,在施用沼气残余物土壤质量早期监测上应该进一步探索利用。

Anaerobic digestion is an optimal way to treat organic waste matter,resulting in biogas and residue.Application of biogas residue to agricultural land has an important significance for saving energy and cycling of nutrient resources. The characteristic of biogas residue was discussed from such aspect as effects of biogas residue on soil microbiology and quality,effects of biogas residue on yield,effects on quality and nutrient uptake of crops,posttreatment of biogas residue and its application,and monitoring the application of biogas residue to arable land etc..Biogas residue could enhance crop yield as fertilizer and improve soil fertility as a soil amendment. It is important for farmers to replace techniques such as simple land spreading and band spreading with shallow injection to minimize NH4-N loss and optimize benefits of the digested residue. To further reduce the risk of N leakage,biogas residue could be further processed and stabilized in compost. Molecular biology method is helpful for analyzing the complecated characteristics of soil microorganism,and this method should be further exploited and utilized in early monitoring of soil quality after applying biogas residue.