论1980年代中国文学研究的现代转型

The Discourse Discipline and Knowledge Transformation of Literary Theory in the 1980s

1980年代生成的思想解放运动、人道主义讨论以及"美学热"、"文化热"现象推动了整个人文学科的知识谱系转型和人学启蒙的浪潮。文学理论和文学研究作为该浪潮的重要组成部分,也产生了内在的学科流变。文学理论在80年代的发展中,形成了"自律论"的谱系转型,并主要可以分成审美论、语言论和方法论等三个维度。审美论确立了美学和审美体验在文学理论中的主体性地位;语言论实现了对文本的内在阐释;而方法论则促使文学理论和文学接受不断走向多元。在此基础上,文学研究中的"向内转"、"重写文学史"等都实现了文学自身特质的确立和文学"自觉"时代的来临。从历时的进程,到学科的流转,呈现出重塑文学面貌的经典谱系,和重建批判知识与批判主体的努力。

The thought liberation movement,humanitarian discussions,the great upsurge of aesthetics and the great upsurge of culture phenomenon generated in the 1980 s had promoted the knowledge spectrum transition of the whole humanities and the enlightenment of humanism. As an important component of this activity,the literary theory and the study of literature also produced inner discipline revolution. The development of literary theory in the 1980 s had formed the theory of self-discipline spectrum transformation,and it could be divided into three dimensions such as aesthetic theory,linguistic theory and methodology. Aesthetic theory had established subjectivity of the aesthetics and aesthetic experience in the literary theory; linguistic theory had achieved a interpretation of the text,while the methodology had promoted literary theory and literary reception constantly to multiplex. On this basis,the literature research of turning inward,rewriting literary history and so on have realized the establishment of the characteristics of literature itself and the coming of the era of literature consciousness. The diachronic process and the discipline of circulation have seen a classic spectrum of reshaping the literary features and the reconstruction efforts of critical knowledge and critical subject.