柿属8种植物花粉形态观察

Pollen Morphology Observation of Eight Resources in Diospyros

利用扫描电镜对中国国家柿种质资源圃收集的7份已知种和1份分类学未知柿资源（德阳柿）的花粉进行了观察和分析,结果表明：（1）其花粉均具三孔沟,近球形,极面观圆形,花粉大小为（24.7～52.8）μm×（23.8～47.9）μm,萌发沟内有疏密程度不同的拳头状和丝状物,表面穿孔明显或不明显,外壁纹饰均为谷穗状条纹,但各个种间条纹宽度和萌发沟长度存在显著差异。（2）聚类分析结果,君迁子、浙江柿和油柿为第Ⅰ类群,西村早生、美洲柿和华中雄株为第Ⅱ类群,德阳柿单独为第Ⅲ类群;各个种花粉粒的大小与其倍性正相关。（3）德阳柿花粉形态明显区别于其他材料,本试验的结果为进一步确定德阳柿分类学地位提供了孢粉学依据。

Pollen grains of 8 persimmon species composed of 7 known species and 1 unknown resource were collected from National Field Gen Bank of China. Pollen grains were examined using scanning electron microscopy,to study pollen morphology and taxonomic status. The results showed that：（1）Pollen morphology observation revealed the grains pretreated in Diospyros have three germinal furrow and the shape of grains are nearly spherical. The grain is round in polar view. Pollen size was measured by length of polar axis and equatorial axis. The value of pollen size was between 24.7 μm and 52.8 μm in polar axis and between 23.8 μm and 47.9 μm in equatorial axis. In germinal furrow,there are many granular spiral units. Exine of pollen are striped ornamentation like grain. The width of stripe and length of germinal furrow among these species exist significant differences. In addition,surface of pollen have obvious or not obvious perforations.（2）D. lotus L.,D. glaucifolia Metc.,D. oleifera Cheng.belonged to groupⅠ;Nishimurawase,D. virginiana,male strain No. 2 formed group Ⅱ;Deyangshi performed the group Ⅲ. The classification using clustering analysis is positively correlated with their ploidy levels.（3）Pollen morphology of Deyangshi is significantly different from other materials,and the results laid the foundation of palynology for taxonomic status of Deyangshi.