起垄覆盖秸秆对土壤理化性质及花生产量和质量的影响

Effects of Ridge Tillage and Straw Mulching on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Peanut Yield-Quality

采用大田随机区组设计,在花生起垄种植方式下,研究了秸秆覆盖方式对土壤理化性质及花生产量和质量的影响。结果表明,不覆盖秸秆的垄面和垄沟土壤温度均最高,垄沟秸秆覆盖、全部秸秆覆盖显著增加了垄沟土壤水分含量;覆盖秸秆能不同程度地降低土壤的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量;垄沟覆盖秸秆对花生生长发育及产量构成影响较小,产量仅降低3.9%;秸秆覆盖能增加花生籽粒中蛋白质含量,提高棕榈酸、亚油酸、花生一烯酸、木焦油酸的含量,减少粗脂肪的含量,降低油酸、硬脂酸、花生酸的含量。本试验条件下,小麦秸秆覆盖量为4500kg/hm^2,花生能获得较高的荚果产量、蛋白质和粗脂肪产量,分别为4480.95kg/hm^2、1169.5kg/hm^2和2029.9kg/hm^2。起垄种植+垄沟覆盖秸秆方式是既能够充分利用小麦秸秆资源,又保证花生丰产的合理栽培方式。

Effects of straw mulching on soil physicochemical properties and peanut yield-quality were studied through field experiment with randomized block design and in ridge tillage planted peanut.The results indicated：1）The soil temperature of ridge and furrow were both the highest with no straw mulching;2）Straw mulching in furrow,as well as straw mulching both in ridge and furrow could significantly increased soil water content in furrow;3）Mulching straw reduced content of alkalihydrolyzale nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in ridge soil in different levels;4）Straw mulching in furrow had little effect on growth and yield component of peanut,as the yield only reduced by 3.9%;5）Straw mulching could increase protein content in peanut kernels,raise palmitic acid content,linoleic acid content,arachidonic acid content,tetracosanoic acid content,decrease crude fat content,reduce oleic acid content,stearic acid content,arachidic acid content.Under this experimental condition,wheat straw mulching rate was 4500kg/hm2,peanuts could obtain comparatively higher yield of pod as 4480.95kg/hm2,yield of protein as 1169.5kg/hm2 and yield of crude fat as2029.9kg/hm2,respectively.Method of ridge planting mixing with furrow straw mulching is a reasonable way to make full use of wheat straw resource and to ensure the high yield of peanut.