利益相关者压力、企业环境伦理与前瞻型环境战略

Stakeholder Pressure,Corporate Environmental Ethics and Proactive Environmental Strategy

近年来环境污染问题严重,利益相关者对企业的环境行为提出了更高的要求。已有研究基于利益相关者理论分析了企业环境战略行为,但忽视了企业环境行为自我规范的作用以及管理者自身的道德动机、环境领导力等因素的影响。基于利益相关者理论、自然资源基础观理论和领导力理论,探讨利益相关者压力对企业环境伦理和前瞻型环境战略的影响,建立一个从"被动"环境行为自我规范到"主动"实施环境战略的中介和调节模型。通过对环保压力较大的227家制造业企业的问卷调查,应用SPSS和Mplus统计分析软件以及多元回归分析方法,实证检验利益相关者通过企业环境伦理对前瞻型环境战略的作用机理。研究结果表明,利益相关者压力对企业环境伦理和前瞻型环境战略都有显著的正向影响;企业环境伦理正向影响前瞻型环境战略,且在利益相关者压力与前瞻型环境战略间有显著的中介作用;管理者道德动机正向调节利益相关者压力对企业环境伦理的影响;环境领导力正向调节企业环境伦理对前瞻型环境战略的影响;竞争优势期望正向调节利益相关者压力对前瞻型环境战略的影响。研究结论丰富了自然资源基础观理论和领导力理论,扩展了对企业环境伦理和企业环境战略的研究,从管理者道德动机、环境领导力和竞争优势期望的视角为企业实施环境战略提供一个全新的方案;激励企业管理者将环境问题视为企业获得竞争优势的机会而非威胁,积极应对来自利益相关者的环境压力,提高环境领导力;为企业有效实施环境战略、绿色发展和可持续发展提供理论参考和管理启示。

As the environmental pollution has been exacerbating in recent years, the stakeholders put forward higher demands for the corporate environmental behaviors. Investors, consumers, employees, suppliers, competitors require corporations to reduce environment pollution and waste emission throughout their production and operations. Previous studies have analyzed the corporate environmental strategy behaviours based on the stakeholder theory, yet neglected the function of self-regulation in the formation of the corporate environmental strategy, or the impact of manager moral motivation, environmental leadership etc. This research explores the impact of the stakeholders＇ pressure on corporate environmental ethics and proactive environmental strategy, and the impact of corporate environmental ethics on proactive environmental strategy based on stakeholder theory. Natural resource-based view （NRBV） theory and leadership theory. And then it builds a moderation and mediation model from ＂passive＂ self-regulated environmental behaviors to ＂active＂ implementation of environmental strategy. Through the questionnaires on 227 large scale manufacturing firms that face more environmental pressure, the study empirically verifies the mechanism of the effect of stakeholders＇ pressure on proactive environmental strategy by the tool of SPSS and Mplus and the multiple regression analysis method. The results show that the stakeholders＇ pressure has positive effects on corporate environmental ethics and proactive environmental strategy, and corporate environmental ethics has positive effect on proactive environmental strategy. And the results also show that corporate environmental ethics has a mediating effect between stakeholders＇ pressure and proactive environmental strategy. Manager moral motivation has a positive moderating effect between stakeholder＇s pressure and corporate environmental ethics, while environmental leadership has a positive moderating effect between corporate environmental ethics and proactive environmental strategy, and competitive advantage expectation has a positive moderating effect between stakeholder＇s pressure and proactive environmental strategy. This conclusion enriches the natural resource-based view theory and leadership theory, expands the study of corporate environ- mental ethics and environmental strategy, and provides a totally new strategy project for the corporation to implement the environ- mental strategy from the views of manager moral motivation, environmental leadership and competitive advantage expectation. Managers should reflect the corporate existing environmental behavior, actively respond to stakeholder environment pressure. The study motivates managers to take environmental problems as finns＇ opportunity of gaining competitive advantage rather than threat, cope with environmental stakeholders＇ pressure actively. The study provides finns with theoretical reference and management enlightenment to effectively implement the environmental strategy and keep green and sustainable development.