英国养老保险制度市场化改革的经验与启示

The Experience and Enlightenment of the Market-oriented Reform of Retirement Insurance System in the UK

本文运用制度变迁理论,对英国养老保险制度市场化改革的具体措施及客观成效进行了评析。英国通过引入市场竞争机制,将融资方式从现收现付转变为基金积累模式,投资方式从政府垄断转变为私人基金公司分散性管理,逐步建立了多支柱和市场化的养老保险体系。借鉴英国经验,我国应建立养老基金多方筹资模式、构筑多层次三支柱结构,健全政府多元化监管监督机制和优化基金投资结构,扎实推进中国养老保险制度的良性持续发展。

On the basis of the theory of institutional change, this paper analysed and evaluated the influences of the UK market - oriented reform. In the process of reform, UK used the market competition mechanism, changed the fund accumulation mode form the pay - as - you - go （PAYG） to funding- scheme. After the market - oriented reform, UK established a multi - pillar pension system, which changing the investment from the government to private fund companies. To learn from the UK experi- ence, China should establish a multi - pillar pension system, construct a three - pillar structure, improve the government＇s di- versified supervision and the fund investment structure. It will help us to establish a sustainable development of the endowment insurance system in China.