区域台风灾害形成机理及防灾减灾对策——以福建省宁德市为例

On Formation Mechanism of Regional Typhoon Disaster and Countermeasures of Preventing and Reducing Natural Disasters——Taking Ningde City of Fujian Province as an Example

台风灾害对宁德市的经济和社会发展产生巨大影响,严重制约其经济可持续发展。以2013年登陆和影响宁德市的四个台风为案例,从区域自然灾害系统角度入手,分析2013年宁德市台风灾害的形成机理。研究得出台风登陆和影响过程中带来的大风、暴雨、风暴潮是主要的致灾因子;海岸线漫长、多岛屿和喇叭形的海岸特征成为宁德市台风灾害形成的典型孕灾环境;承灾体中区域经济密度和人口密度分布不均匀,东部沿海四个县市密度大,造成东部区域台风灾害损失严重。针对台风灾害形成机理,提出了宁德市防灾减灾的工程措施和非工程性措施,为宁德市减轻台风造成的影响提供科学依据。

Typhoon disasters have influenced greatly the economic and social development of Ningde City and have restricted seriously its economic sustainable development.Based on the study of the four typhoons in 2013 landing and influence of Ningde City and the combination of regional natural disaster system,the formation mechanism of the typhoon disaster in 2013 is analyzed.The results showed that the main disaster factors are the strong wind,heavy rain and storm surge in the process of typhoon landing and influence.Long coastline,many islands and horn shaped coast feature became the typical environment of disaster caused by the windstorm.The density of regional economy,the uneven distribution of population density and the great density of the four counties and cities on the east coast caused the big losses of the disaster in the eastern areas.For the formation mechanism of typhoon,the corresponding engineering countermeasures and non engineering countermeasures of preventing and reducing natural disasters are proposed to provide scientific basis in reducing the influence of typhoon.