芜湖教案的法理分析

The Legal Analysis of the Wuhu Religion Conflict

晚清发生的芜湖教案,我们不应完全从反帝反侵略的角度对其进行定性。从国际条约角度来看,西方传教士在中国的传教行为是条约赋予的权利,清政府有义务履行条约,保护教士的人身财产安全。从证据的角度来看,催生教案发生的所谓的教堂"拐骗幼童""挖眼剖心"等风闻纯属无中生有,传教士并不等同于侵略者。教案发生后,西方国家采用外交与法律手段为主、辅以武力威慑的解决纠纷策略,远较清朝暴力先行之后的被动挨宰高明得多。国际竞争是全方位的斗争,我们不可迷信武力,而要尽可能地在外交与法律框架内争取利益。

We should not carry religion conflict that happened in the late Qing Dynasty on the qualitative point of view only from the anti imperialist and anti aggression.From the point of view of international treaties,the missionary action of the West missionaries in China is based on the treaty,and the Qing government should fulfilled the treaty obligations and protected the personal and economical security of the clergy.From the perspective of evidence,the so-called hearsay of abduction of children and incised the eye and heart that stimulated the religion conflict happened was purely fictitious,the preacher is not equal to foreign invaders.The religion conflict happened,the western countries chose diplomatic and legal means mainly supplemented by the threat of military force to solve the dispute,got ahead of the Qing Dynasty which fell into passivity after the spree.International competition is a full range of struggle,we can not worship force,and should try our best to win the advantage within the diplomatic and legal framework.