从“被遗忘”到“被关注”再到“成为人类记忆”——南京大屠杀的媒介传播过程分析

From “be Forgotten” to “be Concerned”,then to “become Human Memory”—— Analysis of the Process of Media Dissemination of Nanjing Massacre

南京大屠杀发生于中国抗战时期,是1937年12月13日南京失守沦陷后日军进行的大规模屠城惨案。日本在战时通过消息封锁、虚假宣传等手段掩饰暴行,战后得到美国的政治庇护,加上中国幸存者未对侵略者有力控诉,致使大屠杀在西方鲜为人知,几乎"被世界遗忘"。直到1997年张纯如的《南京大屠杀》一书出版后在全球畅销,作为媒介的世界性畅销书对传播南京大屠杀发挥了举足轻重的作用。近年来,中外媒体对日本歪曲历史、挑衅和平等行径的披露,对中国公祭活动的仪式化报道,中国为保护历史真相、纪念遇难同胞所做的不懈努力共同促进了世界对史实的关注。2015年10月,中国申报的《南京大屠杀档案》成功列入《世界记忆名录》,自此南京大屠杀凝聚为国际共识,从中国记忆上升为全人类的永久记忆。

Nanjing Massacre,which occurred in China during China＇s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,is a large-scale massacre conducted by the Japanese army after Nanjing was occupied in December 13 th,1937.At the war time,Japan concealed its atrocities by means of messages blackout and false propaganda;after the war,it got political asylum from the United States;in addition to these,Chinese survivors of that massacre did not condemn fiercely against the Japanese aggressors,all of which made the massacre rarely known in the West,even ＂forgotten by the world＂.It was not until 1997 when Zhang Chunru＇ Nanjing Massacre was published and became one of the world＇s best-sellers,that the worldwide best sellers,which functioned as a medium,began to play a significant part in spreading Nanjing Massacre.In recent years,the media at home and abroad have concealed Japan＇s misdeeds of distorting history and provoking peace and reported the public memorial ceremony of China in a ritualized way as well as the tireless efforts China has been making for protecting historical truth and honoring the dead compatriots,all of which promote to attract worldwide attention to historical facts.In October 2015,China declared that the Nanjing Massacre Files was successfully listed in the Memory of the World Register from then on,the Nanjing Massacre has become an international consensus and risen from memory of China to the permanent memory of mankind.