西南官话的形成及其语源初探

Study of the Formation and Etymology of the Southwest Mandarin

移民是形成西南官话的主要原因。文章根据历时韵书所反映的语音情况,结合历史移民实际文献资料,对西南官话的形成及其语源进行考证。通过分析探究,认为西南官话形成于明末,清代随西南区域内部移民的扩散,西南官话得以扩张并整合,最终形成内聚力较强的区域性方言集团,至今仍以其简洁的音系优势随人口的外移而不断向外扩张。语源方面,因明代的移民主要源自江南湖广一带,依据韵书反映,"入声调合为一类"是当时乃至现在西南官话和江淮官话共有的语音特征,且这一特征对其他官话方言具有排斥性,再结合二者至今语音上的诸多相似特征来看,基本可以证明西南官话与江淮官话在历史上确系同源。

Immigration is a major cause of the formation of Southwest Mandarin. This paper makes a textual research of the formation and origin of Southwest Mandarin based on the speech as reflected in the diachronic rhythmic dictionary and the historical immigration literature. Through analysis we find Southwest Mandarin formed in the late Ming dynasty. In the Qing dynasty, the language experienced expansion and integration with the spread of immigrants in the southwest region, and eventually a regional dialect group with strong internal cohesion was established. Till today the expansion of the dialect with its advantage of concise sound system continues as the population migrates outward. In etymology, we think Southwest Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin are homologous in history. This can be seen from the following evidence： firstly, immigrants in the Ming dynasty mainly came from Jiangnan Hu - guang areas; secondly, according to the rhyming dictionary, Southwest Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin have shared till now the same phonetic feature of Rusheng and tone combined into one class, which is exclusive of other mandarin dialects, among many speech characteristics shared by the two languages.