甘肃马家塬战国墓地M4出土身体装饰件的保护修复及复原研究

Conservation and Restoration of Body Ornaments Excavated from Warring States Period Tomb M4 at Majiayuan

马家塬墓地位于甘肃省天水市张家川回族自治县木河乡桃园村,该墓地反映了战国晚期生活在当地的西戎部族的文化面貌和丧葬习俗,出土了多组结构排列复杂、图案花纹精细、组成材质多样且由小件构件组成的质地脆弱的装饰组件。对于这种文物,由于现场环境和条件的限制,如果在现场清理,就会造成对文物本体的破坏和大量信息的流失,不但不能使脆弱文物得到有效的保护,同时无法完整揭示组件间的相互关系。本文详述了通过实验室考古对甘肃马家塬战国墓地M4出土的质地脆弱、组合关系复杂的身体装饰组件进行发掘清理、文物提取、保护处理,并根据清理过程中获得的各组件间的组合关系对墓主人头饰、项饰、腰带及其坠饰进行了有据复原。此次复原是对春秋战国时期戎人葬俗资料的补充,或可为考古学家们在以后的研究中提供可做比较之新资料。

The Majiayuan cemetery is located in Zhangjiachuan, Gansu province. It reflects the culture and funeral customs of the Xirong tribes during the late Warring States period. A lot of ornamental sets consisting of complicatedly arranged parts with intricate patterns have been excavated. Due to limited conditions, on-site excavation would be negative to effective protection of fragile items and may confuse the arrangement of the small ornamental parts. This paper gives a detailed description of the process of laboratory archaeology, from excavation and recovery of objects from tomb M4 to protection and restoration of head and neck ornaments, belt and decorative pendants. This restoration reveals facts about the funeral customs of the Rong people during the Spring and Autumn to Warring States period and provides archaeologists with new materials for comparative studies.