多目标快速公交多车型优化调度研究

A Multi-objective Bus Rapid Transit Dispatching Optimization Considering Multiple Types of Buses

合理的发车频率、车型组合、满载程度及车辆进站排队等候时间等因素影响着快速公交的服务质量,本文研究了多车型快速公交的车型调度问题.在分析车辆停站时间、到站时刻、站台聚集人数及未能上车人数等的基础上,以公交车平均满载程度、运营成本及排队进站等候时间为目标,考虑多种车型、公交车容量、服务能力及站台容量等因素,建立了多目标快速公交发车多车型优化调度模型.根据车辆是否排队等候进站,将此问题分成排队进站与不需要排队进站两种情况,据此设计了求解该模型Pareto解集的分析计算方法.最后,以兰州市快速公交线路为例进行了实证研究,实例分析验证了该快速公交多车型优化调度模型及算法的有效性.

The reasonable departure frequency, bus type, loading rate and queuing time of buses affect the service quality of Bus Rapid Transit （BRT）. The dispatching of BRT for multiple types of buses is studied. Firstly, the dwell time and arrival time of bus, passenger numbers on bus platform and failed to get on the bus are analyzed. Moreover, considering multiple types of buses, capacity of bus and BRT and platform capacity, a multi-objective departure frequency model of BRT is established to optimize the average loading rate, operating costs and queuing time of buses. Furthermore, the problem is divided into two sub-problems： bus queue and without queue, and an analytical method is put forward to find this multi-objective model＇ s Pareto solution set. At last, Lanzhou BRT line is chosen for the dispatching optimization model and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the optimization model and algorithm.