以龈沟血替代手指末梢血筛查糖尿病的研究进展

Research progress on the potential use of gingival crevicular blood for finger stick blood screening in patients with diabetes mellitus

糖尿病合并牙周炎患者的手指末梢血(FSB)血糖与龈沟血(GCB)血糖浓度高度一致,GCB和FSB中的糖化血红蛋白(GHb A1c)水平高度一致。在牙周病患者人群中,糖尿病的发病率约占其总数的2/3。即有大量的牙周病患者未被临床诊断出糖尿病,这些患者会定期地进行口腔疾病治疗,因此口腔医院是一个筛查糖尿病的重要场所。口腔医生在对牙周病患者进行牙周维护期诊疗的同时筛查其糖尿病,有助于患者糖尿病的早期诊断,早期干预,阻止其并发症发展;有助其制定诊疗方案,优化治疗效果。牙周探诊是牙周病特别是牙周炎诊断中最常用最重要的检查方法,利用探诊过程中的GCB来分析患者的血糖和GHb A1c水平,微创、简便、准确、省时和安全,可避免用FSB检测血糖水平时针刺取血操作烦琐、患者恐惧和疼痛显著的缺陷。

The finger stick blood（FSB） and the gingival crevicular blood（GCB） of patients with diabetes and periodontitis are highly consistent in blood glucose concentration, as well as the glycosylated hemoglobin（GHb A1c） level in GCB and FSB. The incidence of diabetes accounts for about two-thirds of people with periodontal diseases. However, diabetes mellitus is not diagnosed in many patients suffering from periodontal diseases. Dental clinics might perform periodic treatment of oral diseases, but a dental hospital is an important place for diabetes screening. Regular screening for diabetes mellitus is crucial for early diagnosis and preventive intervention. Periodontists may encounter an increasing number of patients who have not been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in the regular periodontal maintenance. To optimize the therapeutic effects, early diagnosis and intervention can prevent the development of complications and help in developing treatment programs. Periodontal probing is one of the most important and common diagnostic methods for periodontitis. GCB can be collected as a source to analyze the levels of blood glucose and GHb A1 c. Compared with the conventional use of FSB, GCB provides more advantages because it is minimally invasive, simple, accurate, timely, and safe. Can avoid to use the FSB acupuncture when testing blood sugar levels take blood cumbersome operation, fear and pain in patients with significant defects.